INTRODUCTORY COURSES
3. The American Political System
07F: 9S 08W: 2A 08F: 9L
An examination of the American political process as manifested in voting
behavior, parties and their nominating conventions, interest groups, the
Presidency, Congress, and the Judiciary. Special emphasis is placed on
providing the student with a theoretical framework for evaluating the system
including discussions of decision-making, bargaining, and democratic control.
Dist: SOC; WCult: W. Bafumi, D. Brooks, Fowler, Herron, Winters.
4. Comparative Politics
07F: 10 08W: 10A 08S: 9L 08X: 10A 08F: 10 09W: 10A 09S: 9L
This course will introduce students to the field of comparative government
and politics through an examination of selected political systems. Special
attention will be given to analytic techniques involved in the study of the
field and to certain basic concepts, such as power and political culture,
decision-making, and communications. Dist: SOC or INT. Baldez, Carey, Dimitrov,
Vandewalle, Sa’adah.
5. International Politics
07F, 08W: 10, 10A 08S: 2 08F: 10, 10A 09W: 10A, 2A 09S: 11
This course introduces the systematic analysis of international society, the
factors that motivate foreign policies, and instruments used in the conduct of
international relations. Particular attention is given to power and economic
relations; to cultural differences that may inhibit mutual understanding or
lead to conflict; to nationalism and other ideologies; to the requisites and
limits of cooperation; and to the historical structuring and functioning of
international institutions. Dist: SOC or INT. S. Brooks, Coggins, Kang, Lind,
Lebow, Press, Valentino, W. Wohlforth.
6. Political Ideas
07F: 11 08W, 08S: 10A 08F: 11 09S: 10A
This course introduces student to political theory by reading and discussing
classic works. We will discuss the meaning and significance of law, justice,
virtue, power, equality, freedom and property. Readings may include: Plato,
Aristotle, Augustine, Aquinas, Machiavelli, Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau, Burke,
Kant, Hegel, Tocqueville, Mill, Marx and Nietzsche. Dist: TMV. Kasfir, Murphy,
Swaine.
7. First-Year Seminars in Government
Consult special listings
POLITICAL ANALYSIS
10. Quantitative Political Analysis
07F: 2 08W, 08S: 10 08X: 10A 09W: 2A
This course will provide students with useful tools for undertaking
empirical research in political science and will help them to become informed
consumers of quantitative political analysis. The course will first consider
the general theoretical concepts underlying empirical research, including the
nature of causality, the structure and content of theories, and the formulation
and testing of competing hypotheses. The course will then employ these concepts
to develop several quantitative approaches to political analysis. Students will
be introduced to two statistical methods frequently used by political
scientists, contingency tables and linear regression. By learning to
systematically analyze political data, students will gain the ability to better
conduct and evaluate empirical research in both its quantitative and
qualitative forms. Because of the large overlap in material covered, no student
may receive credit for more than one of the courses Government 10, Economics
10, Mathematics 10, Psychology 10, Social Sciences 10, Mathematics and Social
Sciences 15 or 45, or Sociology 10 except by special petition. Dist: QDS.
Bafumi, Herron.
14. The Arab-Israeli Conflict (Comparative Politics or International
Relations)
08W: 11
For the better part of a century, the conflict over Palestine has defied
resolution. The tensions and instability it has generated have profoundly
affected—and been affected by— both international relations and the domestic
politics of a wide range of countries. This course examines the changing
external and local forces that have shaped the confrontation. Using primary as
well as secondary sources, we will try to understand how the various parties to
the conflict have defined its stakes, understood their interests, viewed their
adversaries, mobilized support, and formulated policy. We will consider
grassroots politics as well as elite calculations. We will look at the role
played by ideas, institutions, material interests, and leadership, at both the
regional and the broader international levels. We will end by assessing the
current prospects for a settlement. Dist: INT; WCult: NW. Sa’adah.
18. Introduction to Game Theory
08W: 11 09W: 2A
Game theory is used to study how individuals or organizations interact
strategically, and this course introduces game theory with a focus on political
science applications. Insights from game theory are essential to understanding
many facets of politics, such as international relations and political party
competition. Among other topics the course will cover Nash equilibria, normal
and extensive form games, and the basics of repeated games. The course will
also focus on how simple games, like the prisoner’s dilemma and chicken, can be
used to understand patterns of human and organizational behavior. Herron.
19. Topics in Political Analysis
08W, 08S, 09W: 10A
This course will enable regular or visiting faculty members to examine
political topics not treated in the established curriculum. Subjects may
therefore vary each time the course is offered. Dist: Varies.
In 08W at 10A, Advanced Statistical Methods for Political Research. This
course introduces mathematical and statistical models in the social sciences
beyond the level of bivariate regression. Topics to be covered include
multivariate regression, selection bias, discrete choice, maximum likelihood
models, multi-level modeling, and experiments. We will use these models to
study voter turnout, elections, bargaining in legislatures, public opinion,
political tolerance, the causes and duration of wars, gender bias in
employment, educational testing, poverty and income, and a host of other
topics. Students will write a paper of original research using some of the
methods covered in class. Prerequisite: Government 10, Economics 10, Geography
10, Mathematics 10, Psychology 10, Social Sciences 10, or equivalent. Lacy.
In 08S at 10A, Advanced Game Theory. This course builds on material covered
in Government 18. It will cover games of incomplete information with attention
to perfect Bayesian equilibria. It will also cover bargaining games and an
introduction to mechanism design. The emphasis will be on political
applications. All students need to have covered basic differential calculus up
through the level of Mathematics 3. Probability theory will be introduced and
taught as needed. Herron.
COMPARATIVE POLITICS: ISSUES
20. Topics in Comparative Politics
07F: 10 08S: 10A 08X: 3B 08F: 10 09W: 2A
This course will enable regular or visiting faculty members to examine
topics in Comparative Politics not treated in the established curriculum.
Subjects may therefore vary each time the course is offered. Dist: Varies.
In 07F, 08F, Development in Emerging Economies. Countries in developing
regions of the world face a number of unique challenges within a globalized
economy as their financial and trade links become ever closely intertwined with
those of powerful, developed countries that dominate international economic
institutions. Drawing on a wide range of case studies, this course investigates
some of these new developments in the world economy. What strategies can
developing countries adapt in order to develop most efficiently in a global
market-oriented economy? How can a country maximize its chances for economic
success, and what precisely is the role of international financial and trade
institutions in their development? Readings in this course range from
theoretical academic writings on development strategies to policy pieces
written by local practitioners and by those working for international financial
and trade institutions. Dist. SOC or INT; WCult: NW. Vandewalle.
In 08S and 09W, Elections and Reform. This course examines the problem of
how politicians and policies are selected by citizens. Politicians fight
tenaciously to shape the rules under which they compete because how elections
are conducted has enormous impact on what sorts of choices voters are offered,
what sorts of coalitions politicians form, and whose interests get represented.
This course investigates what rules matter, and why. It draws from a broad
array of cases to illustrate the most important issues at stake in current
electoral reforms around the world, and here in the United States. Dist: SOC;
WCult: W. Carey.
In 08X, The Rise of China. In this course, we will examine three facets of
China’s rise: economic, military, and cultural. We will analyze the reasons for
China’s remarkable economic growth after 1978 and examine the multiple
challenges that make the sustainability of this growth questionable. Then we
will turn to China’s military modernization and ending by examining China’s
attempt to build soft power through cultural diplomacy. This course, will give
students a more balanced view of the dangers and opportunities that China’s
rise affords for the future of international relations. Dist: SOC; WCult: NW.
Dimitrov.
22. Righting Wrongs
Not offered in 2007–2008; may be offered in 2008–2009
This course examines the intellectual and political issues that arise as
societies try to cope with the legacies of past injustice (including slavery,
genocide, and colonialism). Dist: SOC or INT; WCult: CI. Sa’adah.
23. The Politics of Asian Development
Not offered in 2007–2008; may be offered in 2008–2009
This course provides an introduction to the newly industrializing countries
(NICs) of East Asia: Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Singapore. The course
examines two major questions: first, why did these countries grow so rapidly
during certain stages of their economic development? Second, what were the
political foundations that provided the basis for their respective development
paths? Topics to be covered include alternative explanations for the economic
development experience of these countries, the politics of economic
policy-making, the role of specific policies in the process of
industrialization, historical influences on economic growth, and the impact
that growth has had on the process of democratization.
Prerequisite: Government 4, or permission of the instructor. Dist: SOC or
INT. WCult: NW. Kang.
25. Problems of Political Development: India, South Africa and China
Not offered in 2007–2008; may be offered in 2008–2009
Is democratic government always better than the alternatives? In the
contemporary world, what is the relationship between economic development,
democratic politics, and political order? What kinds of justice does democracy
promote? This course will address these questions by examining institutional
arrangements, elite politics, and popular movements in India, South Africa, and
China.
Prerequisite: Government 4. Dist: SOC or INT; WCult: NW. Sa’adah.
27. Revolutions and War of Independence: State-building, Anarchy, and
Globalization (pending Faculty approval)
Not offered in 2007–2008; may be offered in 2008–2009
For leaders of revolutions and of wars of independence in the Third World,
victory creates a number of opportunities and challenges to build (or rebuild)
states, and to fashion distinctive state-society relations. Focusing on
Algeria, Cuba, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam and Iran, this course explains why some
political regimes succeed in doing so successfully, while other states
languished or descended into anarchy. In the final part of the course we look
at the growing role of global institutions like the United Nations in local
state-building efforts and governance. Vandewalle.
28. Democratization and Democratic Theory
Not offered in 2007–2008; may be offered in 2008–2009
The democratic movement has changed the politics of countries throughout
Eastern Europe, Africa, Asia and Latin America during the last two decades. But
whether each of the countries that has adopted democratic forms will actually
practice democracy is another question. To understand what is involved, we will
discuss what constitutes democracy, which factors and processes facilitate and
which inhibit its adoption and its institutionalization. We will consider the
contemporary challenges to democracy in terms of both the great issues posed by
democratic theorists and philosophers and the authoritarian, military,
religious, ethnic, and economic problems faced by countries undergoing
democratization.
Prerequisite: Government 4, Government 6, or any 20s or 40s series course,
or by permission of instructor. Dist: SOC or INT. Kasfir.
AMERICAN GOVERNMENT
30. Topics in American Government
08W: 2A
This course will enable regular or visiting faculty members to examine
topics in American Government not treated in the established curriculum.
Subjects may therefore vary each time the course is offered. Dist: Varies.
In 08W. American Elections and Voting Behavior. This course will introduce
students to the study of elections and voting behavior. Topics to be covered
include partisanship in the electorate, voter turnout, nomination rules and
procedures, campaign organization and strategy, and the effects of campaigns on
voters. Although we will focus on the United States, throughout the course
comparisons will be made with other industrialized democracies in order to
better understand the peculiar features of elections in the U.S. The course
will also provide a non-technical introduction to some of the methods used by
political scientists to study public opinion, elections and voting behavior.
Because of the timing of the course, special attention will be paid to the
results of the 2004 presidential and congressional elections and the outlook
for the 2006 midterm elections. Dist: SOC; WCult: W. Lacy.
31. Campaigns and Elections
Not offered in 2007–2008; may be offered in 2008–2009
This course examines two major areas of American politics: the behavior of
voters in elections and the behavior of candidates in campaigns. The first few
weeks of the course focus on the fundamental questions of voting behavior. Why
do people vote in elections? Does Party affiliation mean anything to voters? Do
issues matter in elections? Do candidate traits make a difference to voters?
Which of these things matters most? Finally, do campaigns matter to election
outcomes? This question motivates the second portion of the course. Campaign
institutions such as debates, advertisements, media coverage, polls,
nominations, voting rules, and financing are discussed. Potential reforms are
debated.
Prerequisite: Government 3 or permission of the instructor. Dist: SOC;
WCult: W. Bafumi, Fowler.
32. American State Politics
Not offered in 2007–2008; may be offered in 2008–2009
A study of the American federal system of government in which authority is
distributed between the national and state governments. Readings, lectures, and
discussions will focus specifically on likely explanations of the origins,
maintenance, and/or changes in public policies in the states. Specific topics
include the original and changing federal relationship, cooperative,
competitive, and ‘free rider’ relationships among the states, public policy
preferences of the public in the states, and similarities and differences among
major political institutions in the states.
Prerequisite: Government 3, or permission of the instructor. Dist: SOC;
WCult: W. Winters.
33. American Parties and Politics
Not offered in 2007–2008; may be offered in 2008–2009
This course explores the history, nature, and functioning of American
political parties. Topics covered include general concepts and theories of
parties, the party in the electorate, the party as an organization, the party
in the electoral process, and the party in government. The course will also
survey alternative futures for the American party system.
Prerequisite: Government 3, or permission of the instructor. Dist: SOC;
WCult: W.
34. Congress and the American Political System
Not offered in 2007–2008; may be offered in 2008–2009
This course introduces students to the analysis of public policymaking in
the U.S. Congress. Special attention is paid to the evolution of the House and
Senate as institutions, to elections and to the interactions among elections,
institutional arrangements, and policymaking.
Prerequisite: Government 3, or permission of the instructor. Dist: SOC;
WCult: W. Fowler.
36. The Making of American Public Policy
08S: 10A
This course examines the process through which public policy is made in the
United States. Topics covered include the nature and goals of public policy,
the various stages of the policy process, and the different models of and
factors involved in policy making. The course seeks to explain why policy
making in the U.S. is mostly ‘incremental’ in character, i.e., involves only
marginal departures from the status quo. The course also explores the
conditions under which non-incremental change is feasible or even likely.
Prerequisite: Government 3, or permission of the instructor. Dist: SOC;
WCult: W. Fowler.
37. Public Opinion
07F: 2A
This course examines the connection between public opinion and political
behavior, primarily in the contemporary American setting. The first part of the
course focuses on the nature and origins of public opinion. The second part
explores the links between public opinion and political behavior with
particular attention paid to election outcomes, policy making, and issues of
tolerance.
Prerequisite: Government 3 or permission of the instructor: Dist: SOC;
WCult: W. D. Brooks.
38. Government and Business
08W: 11
A study of the interrelationship of government and business, analyzing
governmental assistance to, and regulation of, business. Readings and
discussion will focus on the economic and political forces which shape
governmental assistance and regulation, and the consequences of assistance and
regulation on business activities and the attitudes and beliefs of business
leaders. Specific topics examined will be the political business cycle,
economic and political theories of regulation, inter-state mobility of
business, and the influence of business in shaping American public policy.
Prerequisite: Government 3, or permission of the instructor. Dist: SOC;
WCult: W. Winters.
COMPARATIVE POLITICS: AREAS
40. Topics in Area Politics
07F: 3B 08W: 11
This course will enable regular or visiting faculty members to examine
topics in Regional Politics not treated in the established curriculum. Subjects
may therefore vary each time the course is offered. Dist: Varies.
In 07F, Chinese Politics: The Reform Period. The conventional wisdom on
China’s post-1978 experience holds that the government has encouraged economic
reform without allowing for political opening up. In this course, we will
explore whether this view accurately captures the essence of China’s reform
period. We will first examine the successes and failures of the economic
reforms, paying attention to the gap between the rich coastal provinces and the
poor hinterlands. We will then focus on the political reforms undertaken in
China since 1978. In particular, we will examine such harbingers of change as
the introduction of village elections, the growing role of the courts, the rise
of associational activity, the nature of the Chinese press, and the role of
intellectuals. We will also focus on certain problems, such as the spread of
corruption, the treatment of ethnic minorities, and limits to religious
freedom. By the end of the course, we will have a good sense of China’s
progress during the reform era, as well as an appreciation of the remaining
problems. Dist: SOC; WCult: NW. Dimitrov.
In 08W, Democracy: European Style. All democracies share important features
(e.g., elections), but they also differ in significant ways (e.g., party
systems, constitutional arrangements, power). Many of the patterns typical of
European democracies are unfamiliar to Americans. In this course, we will
explore how the major European countries “do” democracy. How did they get
there? How does parliamentary government work? How do citizens participate in
the political process? What issues do European elites and electorates view as
central and what sorts of policy options have been proposed in response? How
“European” are Europeans? Sa’adah.
44. Politics and Political Economies in Africa (Identical to African and
African American Studies 47)
08S, 09S: 2A
This course contrasts the most important approaches to development in Africa
as they are used to explain the structure of political economy and politics in
specific African countries. Special attention is paid to the consequences of
external agencies, including external relations with industrialized countries
and the World Bank, and the internal relations based on the interaction of the
African state, ethnicity, patronage, class and local capitalism. Selected
countries will be analyzed in detail.
Prerequisite Government 4, or permission of the instructor. Dist: SOC or
INT; WCult: NW. Kasfir.
45. Japanese Politics
Not offered in 2007–2008; may be offered in 2008–2009
This course will provide an overview of the origins and issues in current
Japanese politics, in an effort to understand the evolution and structure of
the political system that has sustained the rise of the first non-Western
industrialized democracy. Topics to be covered include Japan’s response to the
western encroachment of Asia in the 19th century, the postwar reconstellation
of Japanese politics, the institutional foundations of the sustained
conservative hegemony in Japan, the influence of interest groups and money on
the formation of policy, and the conduct of Japan’s foreign affairs.
Prerequisite: Government 4 or permission of the instructor. Dist: SOC;
WCult: NW. Kang.
46. Politics of the Middle East and North Africa
07F, 08F: 9L
This course will introduce students to the politics of the Middle East and
North Africa. It will systematically compare the process of state formation of
different types of regimes in selected countries of the region following the
break-up of the Ottoman Empire.
Prerequisite: Government 4, or permission of the instructor. Dist: SOC or
INT; WCult: NW. Vandewalle.
48. Politics of the Korean Peninsula
09W: 10
The Korean peninsula has had geographic importance for politics in Northeast
Asia for thousands of years. Because of Korea’s location between Japan and
China, its domestic politics and international politics have been thoroughly
intertwined. This course will present an analytic overview of the politics of
both North and South Korea. Topics to be covered include the historical
development of Korean politics, domestic politics in South Korea since 1948,
North Korean politics and nuclear threat, and the foreign relations of and
between North and South Korea.
Prerequisite: Government 4 or permission of the instructor. Dist: SOC or
INT; WCult: NW. Kang.
49.01 Latin American Politics and Government
08F: 10
This course is an introduction to the political development and the current
context of politics in Latin America. It combines material on historical and
theoretical topics with material on the current politics of specific countries,
particularly in the Andean region, which has experienced particularly turbulent
politics in recent years. The central theme of the course is to evaluate the
performance and stability of democracy in Latin America. We consider the impact
of political culture, economic development, representative institutions, and
the legacies of authoritarian and revolutionary regimes on the contemporary
politics of the region.
Dist: SOC or INT; WCult: NW. Carey.
49.02 State and Society in Latin America (Identical to Latin American and
Caribbean Studies 32)
Not offered in 2007–2008; may be offered in 2008–2009
This class provides an introduction to the political and economic
development of Latin America in the latter half of the 20th century. We will
focus on only six of the countries in this vast and diverse region: Argentina,
Chile, Cuba, El Salvador, Colombia and Mexico. Our analysis will emphasize the
following themes: political systems and regime change; economic strategy; U.S.
foreign policy; social movements and revolution; democratization; identity
politics; and human rights. Dist: SOC; WCult: NW. Baldez.
49.03 Latin American Politics: Cuba (Identical to Latin American and
Caribbean Studies 33)
09W: 2A
As one of the world’s few remaining socialist regimes, Cuba is unique. But
Cuba is also subject to many of the forces that have shaped other countries in
Latin America and the third world: a heritage of Spanish colonialism and
slavery, a geography that contains a limited array of natural resources and a
system of government that has evolved under the constant shadow of the United
States. This course examines the politics and culture of Cuba in the 20th and
early 21st centuries in order to understand Latin American politics-and
politics more generally. Dist. SOC or INT. Baldez
49.04 Gender Politics in Latin America (Identical to Latin American and
Caribbean Studies 52 and Women’s and Gender Studies 31)
Not offered in 2007–2008; may be offered in 2008–2009
The seminar will introduce students to recent scholarship on gender politics
in Latin America in the 20th century, a field of study that has exploded in the
past two decades. The goal of the seminar is to understand the ways in gender
affects politics, and vice-versa. What does it mean to use gender as a category
of analysis in political science? How do norms about masculinity and femininity
shape public policy, legislative behavior and foreign relations? Under what
conditions will people mobilize on the basis of their gender identity or sexual
orientation? Readings will focus on a range of countries throughout the region.
Dist: SOC; WCult: NW. Baldez.
49.05 Protest and Parties in Latin America (Identical to Latin American and
Caribbean Studies 53)
09W: 10A
This course will examine the conditions that prompt people organize on
behalf of their collective interests, how those movements evolve, and under
what conditions efforts to mobilize will succeed. We compare protests,
revolutionary movements, social movements, political parties and other forms of
political action in various countries throughout the region. Dist: SOC or INT.
WCult: NW. Baldez.
INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
50. Topics in International Relations
07F, 08W: 10A 08S: 10A, 11, 2A 08F: 10A 09W: 2 09S: 10A, 2A
This course will enable regular or visiting faculty members to examine
topics in International Relations not treated in the established curriculum.
Subjects may therefore vary each time the course is offered. Dist: Varies.
In 07F, European Integration. This course will deal with three topics: the
development and dynamics of the integration process; decision-making in the EU;
and major policy fields of the EU. The objectives of the course are: 1) to
understand the factors for the dynamic integration process, resulting in the
gradual extension of the functional scope of the community/union; 2) to
understand the specificities of the decision-making system including the
internal organization and functioning of the main EU institutions as
core-actors, and the special role of interest associations, NGOs and political
parties in EU governance; 3) to explain how the integration process has
affected member states and in how far they have adapted their governmental
structures and behavior to the needs of the new polity; 4) to understand how
major policy fields are conducted jointly by the EU and the member states; 5)
to understand the current debate on future enlargement and how to continue with
the integration process and policy in a union which has become more
heterogeneous and diverse. Dist: SOC or INT; WCult: W. Hrbek.
In 08W at 10A and 08S at 11, International Relations of East Asia. The
international relations of Asia are a major concern of the United States. In
the past few years, there has been increasing concern about the threat North
Korea may pose to the security of the United States. The past decade has seen
China emerge as a potential economic, political, and military superpower, that
some view as a potential rival to the U.S. Japan’s economy, although
experiencing difficulties, remains the world’s second largest and most
technologically advanced. What happens in Asia has a direct and important
impact on the U.S.? How do we understand the international relations of these
countries? What are the issues, and consequences? In answering these questions,
we will view the international relations of Asia from historical and
theoretical viewpoints. I assume that students are familiar with the basic
tools of international relations theory, including realism, liberalism, and
institutionalism. In addition I assume prior coursework in international
relations. I do not assume extensive knowledge of Asia. Government 5 is
recommended but not required. Dist: SOC or INT; WCult: NW. Lind, Kang.
In 08S at 10A and 09W at 2, What’s So Civil about War Anyway? Civil wars are
far more common in the contemporary world than international wars. They tend to
affect more people, go on for longer, and destroy more property. Yet most of
our theory and expertise on war derives from experiences of international war.
Are the two types of conflict essentially similar? What’s so civil about civil
war? Are civil wars simply international wars played out within borders? Or
might the causes, dynamics, and consequences of civil war differ fundamentally
from those of inter-state war? Finally, what role do international politics
play in civil war (and vice versa)? In this course, we will compare and
contrast civil and international war placing special emphasis on modern cases
of civil war, its international dimensions and potential strategies for
conflict resolution. Topics addressed will include intervention, ethnic
conflict, guerilla war and non-state actors. Dist: SOC or INT. Coggins.
In 08S and 09S at 2A, Nuclear Weapons: Physical and Strategic Effects. This
course examines the effects of nuclear weapons on the conduct of international
politics. It begins by examining the physical properties of nuclear weapons,
and then uses evidence from the Cold War to address the following questions:
Why did the United States and Soviet Union build such large nuclear arsenals?
What did they plan to do with these weapons? How did nuclear weapons fit into
U.S. and Soviet military strategy at various phases of the Cold War? The course
uses evidence from the Cold War to evaluate theories of nuclear deterrence and
the so-called “nuclear peace.” The last section of the course focuses on
current issues relating to nuclear weapons: the spread of nuclear weapons in
the developing world, the dangers of nuclear terrorism, the potential for
effective missile defenses, and the changing strategic nuclear balance of
power. Press.
In 08S and 09S at 10A, War and Peace in the Modern Age (formerly War and
Peace In the Twentieth Century (Identical to Social Sciences 1 and War and
Peace Studies 1). This course is designed to acquaint students with the
fundamentals of war and peace; that is, with the political uses of military
power and the respective roles of military and civilian leaders in formulating
and implementing foreign policy. We will also investigate how war affects civil
society’s social movements and how the characteristics of states’ domestic
politics arrangements affect or constrain the ways that leaders choose to
execute their most preferred strategies. Finally, we will also try to come to
an understanding of what war is actually like for those, both combatant and
non-combatant, that must participate in war on a daily basis. Dist: SOC.
Press.
In 08F, Globalization and International Politics. In this course, we will
explore how economic globalization (that is, recent shifts in the structure of
international trade, finance, and production) is shaping international
relations. Special emphasis will be placed on the changing role of
multinational corporations. The course begins with an overview of economic
globalization and then turns to analyze how it is influencing the political
world. Is globalization likely to make the world more peaceful? Will
globalization significantly reduce the power of the nation state? Will
globalization lead to a single world culture? How will globalization affect the
environment? How stable is globalization? Does globalization lead to increased
inequality among and between nations? These are some of the central questions
that we will explore. While there are not yet clear answers as to exactly how
economic globalization influences world politics, grasping the key issues
involved in these debates is essential to understanding today’s world. Dist:
SOC or INT. S. Brooks.
51. International Law
08F: 10
An introduction to international law, with particular emphasis on law that
attempts to govern the use of force by states. Materials include the United
Nations Charter and other multilateral treaties, decisions of the International
Court of Justice, and commentary by scholars. Dist: INT. The staff.
52. Russian Foreign Policy
Not offered in 2007–2008; may be offered in 2008–2009
This course is a survey of Russia’s relations with the world, and
particularly with Europe and the United States, from the Revolution through the
Soviet period to the present. Special emphasis will be placed on the politics
of the national security process in the USSR and Russia. Although intended as
an overview of Russian foreign policy, the course gives primary attention to
three areas: the origins and nature of Soviet-American competition; Russia’s
political and military relationship with the West; and the future development
of Russian-American relations.
Prerequisite: Government 4 or 5; Government 42 is recommended. Open only to
sophomores, juniors, and seniors. Dist: SOC or INT; WCult: W. W. Wohlforth.
53. International Security
07F, 08F, 09W: 2A
This course will focus on military strategy in the post-cold war world. The
course will cover deterrence theory, crisis stability, nuclear strategy, and
the political uses of military coercion. Other topics may include the
obsolescence of major war, collective security, nuclear proliferation, and
escalation of regional wars.
Prerequisite: Government 5 or permission of instructor. Dist: SOC or INT.
Press, Valentino.
54. United States Foreign Policy
08W: 10 09W: 2A
An inquiry into relationships between the social structure and ideological
tradition of the United States and its conduct in world affairs. Attention is
given to the substance of American foreign and military policy; to the roles of
the White House, State Department, CIA, the military, Congress, private elites,
and mass opinion; and to foreign policy impacts on domestic life.
Prerequisite: Government 5 or permission of the instructor. Dist: SOC;
WCult: W. Strathman.
55. International Organization
Not offered in 2007–2008; may be offered in 2008–2009
A survey of the historical development, structure, and role of international
organizations in several issue areas, including international security,
development, and human rights. Attention is given to the evolution of the
United Nations during and after the Cold War. The course also evaluates
competing theoretical approaches to international organization.
Prerequisite: Government 5 or permission of the instructor. Dist: SOC or
INT. The staff.
56. International Relations Theory
08W: 2A
Is war unavoidable? Or is most violent conflict unnecessary and preventable?
How should statesmen best protect the interests and physical security of their
countrymen? Do they meet that standard, or fall short? Can a people ever be
truly safe? Or is the international environment inherently uncertain? Which
peoples ought to live together? Or are identities dynamic? These are the
enduring questions of international politics. Perhaps not surprisingly,
theorists come to different conclusions. This course explores a wide variety of
international relations theories and evaluates their implications for real
world politics. Realism, Liberalism, Constructivism, and other major strands of
IR theory will be discussed as will American hegemony, international laws and
norms and grand strategy.
Prerequisite: Government 5, or permission of the instructor. Dist: SOC or
INT. Lebow
57. The Foreign Relations of Latin America
Not offered in 2006–2007; may be offered in 2007–2008
This course considers the states of Latin America as independent actors in
world affairs that seek to secure self-defined national interests in an
international environment shaped by the presence of more powerful states.
Topics include ‘weak-state’ strategies of international relations; the
management of hemispheric security concerns and intra-regional rivalries;
prospects for economic and political integration; forms and significance of
external influence; and the role of such current problems as debt, trade, and
illegal drugs in structuring the region’s foreign relations.
Prerequisite: Government 5 or Government 49. Dist: SOC or INT; WCult:
NW.
58. International Political Economy
09W: 10A
The political aspects of international and transnational economic relations
will be examined. Topics will include economic imperialism, politico-economic
dependence and interdependence, economic instruments of statecraft, the role of
economic factors in foreign policy making, economic causes of international
conflict, economic determinants of national power, the politics of
international economic organizations, and the role of multinational
corporations in world politics.
Prerequisite: Government 5 and Economics 29 or 64, or permission of the
instructor. Dist: SOC or INT. The staff.
59. Foreign Policy and Decision Making
07F: 2A
The objectives of this course are to introduce the most influential
theoretical approaches to the study of strategic decision-making in political
science and to apply and evaluate these approaches in a series of historical
and contemporary case studies of foreign policy. These immediate objectives
serve a larger purpose: to make you a better strategist and more sophisticated
analyst of foreign policy. The empirical focus of the course is on states and
their problems, but its basic precepts are applicable to other domains as well.
Each of the decision-making theories we study represents a venerable tradition
of social science scholarship. Mastering them can contribute to the acquisition
of extremely useful analytical and critical skills. The first four sections of
the course introduce the four most basic models of strategic decision-making
and explore them in selected case studies. The last section provides an
opportunity to integrate the different models in a series of case studies and
simulations exercises involving the foreign policies of major powers.
Strathman.
POLITICAL THEORY AND PUBLIC LAW
60. Topics in Political Theory or Public Law
07F: 10A, 10, 2 08W: 12: 08S: 2A, 3B 08X: 3B 09W: 2A, 12, 3B 09S: 3B
This course will enable regular or visiting faculty members to examine
topics in Political Theory or Public Law not treated in the established
curriculum. Subjects may therefore vary each time the course is offered. Dist:
Varies.
In 07F at 10A. Democratic Theory. Can we defend the value of democracy
against serious and thoughtful criticism? Using a combination of classic and
contemporary texts, this course encourages students to think rigorously about
one of their most basic political values. It examines the origins of democratic
theory in ancient Athenian political practice and the normative and practical
criticisms of more contemporary thinkers. What makes politics “democratic?”
What features distinguish the democratic regime from other regimes? What is
democracy supposed to reflect or achieve? And what kinds of concerns about
democracy did ancient philosophers like Plato and Aristotle raise? How (and
why) did early modern and Enlightenment thinkers relocate the grounds for
preferring democracy to other regimes? Clarke.
In 07F at 10, Ethics and Public Policy.(Identical to Public Policy 83.2).
This course examines the nature and validity of arguments about vexing moral
issues in public policy. Students examine a number of basic moral controversies
in public life, focusing on different frameworks for thinking about justice and
he ends of politics. The primary aim of the course is to provide each student
with an opportunity to develop his/her ability to think in sophisticated ways
about morally difficult policy issues. Amount the questions students address
will be the following: Are policies that permit torture justifiable under any
circumstances? Do people have basic moral claims to unequal economic holdings
and rewards, or should economic distribution be patterned for the sake of
social justice? Should people be permitted to move freely between countries? Is
abortion wrong, in theory or in practice, and in what ways should it be
restricted? Dist: TMV; WCult: W. Swaine
In 07F at 2, Liberalism and Its Critics. Liberal political theory is
renowned for its emphasis on rights, freedoms, and limited government; but
critics of liberalism hold that the liberal legacy in free societies is one of
misguided energies and broken promises. Students in this course chart the
development of liberal thought from the Seventeenth Century to the present,
with a view to considering the central values and commitments liberals may
share, and examining important contemporary work in liberal theory. The course
integrates weighty challenges to the moral and political viability of
liberalism, from communitarian, conservative, libertarian, and postmodern
critics. Government 6 recommended. Dist: TMV. Swaine.
In 08W, 09W at 12, Indigenous Nationalism: Native Rights and Sovereignty
(Identical to Native American Studies 36). This course focuses on the legal and
political relationship between the indigenous peoples of Canada, the United
States, Australia, and New Zealand and their respective colonial governments.
Students will examine contemporary indigenous demands for self-government,
especially territorial claims, within the context of the legislative and
political practices of their colonial governments. The course will begin with
an examination of the notion of Aboriginal self-government in Canada and
develop it in light of the policy recommendations found in the recent report of
the Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples (1996). Using the Canadian
experience as a benchmark, students will then compare these developments to
indigenous peoples’ experiences in the United States, Australia and New
Zealand. An important theme of the course will be to develop an international
approach to the issue of indigenous rights and to explore how colonial
governments are responding to indigenous demands for justice. Not open to
first-year students without permission of instructor. Dist: SOC or INT; WCult:
NW. Turner.
In 08S at 2A, Pluralism. Questions surrounding the political relevance of
diversity and difference have been central to political philosophy from its
inception. This course will introduce students to the variety of ways that
pluralism has been conceptualized and problematized. Combining both historical
and contemporary perspectives on pluralism, we will focus on answering the
following questions: How much unity can or should characterize a political
community? What sort of unity does a healthy political community need to have?
Is unity incompatible with diversity? Clarke.
In 08S at 3B, Machiavelli and Machiavellianism. Machiavelli is famous for
instructing princes about the need to be deceitful, unscrupulous, manipulative,
and even cruel if they want to maintain their power, so much so that his name
has become synonymous with that teaching. Why did Machiavelli teach this lesson
given his apparent preference for free republics? What, if anything, is
philosophically interesting about the Prince, which appears at first glance to
be merely a technical manual? Is there any merit to the claim that
Machiavelli’s recommendations signal a transition to distinctively modern ways
of thinking about politics? Clarke.
In 08X at 3B. Theorizing Free Speech. The First Amendment of the United
States Constitution reads in part: “Congress shall make no law. . . abridging
the freedom of speech, or of the press...or the right of the people to
peacefully assemble.” This course examines the philosophical and constitutional
issues regarding the First Amendment’s speech, press, and association clauses.
Readings draw from Supreme Court cases and secondary sources. Areas covered
include: philosophical foundations of free speech, compelled speech,
defamation, hate speech, expressive discrimination, obscenity and pornography.
Recommended background: A course in law and/or political theory. Bedi.
In 09W at 2A. Republicanism. This course will introduce students to the
intellectual traditions collectively identified as “republican.” As we shall
see, republicanism has been defined in many ways. While all republican authors
share a commitment to freedom, they disagree about both what it means to be
free and what freedom requires. In our attempt to work through these
disagreements, we will focus on the following themes: institutional
arrangements and mixed government; virtue and corruption; private interest and
public interest; the distribution and protection of property; and
anti-monarchism. We will also consider the view that republicanism stands as an
alternative to liberalism. Clarke.
In 09W at 3B, Womanhood and Femininity in the History of Political Thought.
This course will consider how the relationship between woman and politics has
been theorized in classic texts of philosophy and literature. We will pay
special attention to the way that femininity and womanhood have been
conceptualized and evaluated with regard to political membership, political
conflict, and the political virtues. Clarke.
In 09S at 3B. How to Read a Text in Political Philosophy. The aim of this
course will be to introduce students to debates about the aims and methods of
research into the history of political thought. What is the aim of textual
interpretation? In what way are texts “political” (besides their explicit
subject matter)? What does it mean to “explain” or to “understand” a text? Is
it possible to establish the “meaning” of a text? What is the difference
between “intentions” and “motives”? Which should we concern ourselves with and
why? What kinds of evidence are appropriate for supporting interpretive claims?
Readings will include H.G. Gadamer, Leo Strauss, J.G.A Pocock, J.L. Austin, and
Quentin Skinner. Clarke.
61. Jurisprudence
08S: 2
Jurisprudence is the theory of law—not of a particular body of laws but of
law in general. In this course, we explore a variety of approaches to some of
the fundamental questions in jurisprudence: Are laws rooted in human nature, in
social customs, or in the will of the sovereign authority? How are laws made,
interpreted, and enforced? Can morality be legislated? Readings and lectures
will draw on both philosophical arguments and legal case-studies to explore
these and other questions. Dist: TMV. Murphy.
63. Origins of Political Thought: Render unto God or unto Caesar?
09S: 12
The perennial questions of political thought include: who should rule? and
what is justice? The ancient world provides two radically different answers to
these questions—that of classical philosophy (represented here by Aristotle)
and that of the Bible. After contrasting these two ancient perspectives, we
then turn to the medieval attempts (by St. Augustine and by St. Thomas Aquinas)
to synthesize Greek philosophy and Biblical faith. What is the relation of
divine law to human law? What do we owe to God and what to Caesar? Is justice
based on human reason or on faith in God?
Prerequisite: Government 6, or course work in ancient Greek philosophy.
Dist: TMV. Murphy.
64. Modern Political Thought
Not offered in 2007–2008; may be offered in 2008–2009
This course complements Government 63, presenting the major themes in
Western political philosophy from the Reformation to the twentieth century. The
natural right tradition, which has served as the basis of liberal democracy,
will be examined at its origin (Hobbes’ Leviathan) along with Rousseau’s
revision and criticism of classical liberalism (First and Second Discourses,
Social Contract). Then the historicist tradition—the major alternative which
has dominated European thought since the French Revolution—will be studied
first in Hegel’s Philosophy of Right, then in Marx’s transformation of the
Hegelian dialectic (Critique of Hegelian Philosophy of Right, 1844 M.S.S., and
German Ideology). As in Government 63, lecture-discussions will focus closely
on the texts of the four philosophers being studied while relating them to the
development of modern political thought and contemporary social science.
While Government 63 and 64 form a sequence, either may be taken separately.
Dist: TMV. Swaine, Turner.
66. Constitutional Law, Development, and Theory
07F, 08X: 2A
This course covers some of the main themes of the American Constitution with
a particular emphasis on constitutional history, structure, interpretation,
development and theory. Areas covered include: federalism, separation of
powers, judicial review, slavery and Reconstruction. (Description pending
faculty approval).
Open to sophomores, juniors, and seniors. Dist: SOC; WCult: W. Bedi.
67. Civil Liberties Legal and Normative Approaches
08S, 08F: 2A
This course examines the normative and constitutional (textual) bases for
protecting certain civil liberties or rights in the United States. The aim is
not only to learn the constitutional language of civil liberties but also to
think critically about it. Areas covered include: property, race, sex,
abortion, religious and cultural rights, sexual freedom and “alternative”
marriage, and animal rights. (Description pending faculty approval).
Open to sophomores, juniors, and seniors. WCult: W. Bedi.
68. Gender and Law (Identical to Women’s and Gender Studies 32)
09S: 2A
This course examines how gender and law in the United States are used to
confer rights, create obligations, and define identities. We explore the
theoretical, historical, and empirical basis for gender in law, and pay
particular attention to how and when gender-based laws have changed over time.
Specific topics covered include, for example, federal legislation on
educational and workplace equity, constitutional doctrines of equality and
privacy, and state policies on family law, criminal responsibility, and
domestic violence. We analyze the relationship between gender politics, legal
theory, legal doctrine, and social policy. We also ask whether the gender of
legal actors (litigants, lawyers, judges) makes a difference in their reasoning
or decision-making.
Prerequisite: Government 3 or a law course strongly recommended. Dist: SOC;
WCult: W. Bohmer.
69. Native Americans and the Law (Identical to Native American Studies
50)
08X: 10A
This course will focus on the constitutional, statutory and jurisprudential
rules of law that make up the field of Federal Indian Law. Attention will be
given to the historical framework from which the rules were derived. After
tracing the development of the underlying legal doctrines that are prominent
today, the course will turn to a consideration of subject-specified areas of
Indian law, including hunting and fishing rights, water rights, and
preservation of religious and cultural rights. Dist: SOC; WCult: NW. Duthu.
ADVANCED COURSES
80. Readings in Government
All terms: Arrange
Independent work under the direction of a member of the Department. Open to
honors students and to other qualified students. Those interested should
discuss their plans with a prospective faculty advisor and must submit written
statements of their proposed work to the departmental office before electing
the course.
81-87. Seminars in Government
The following seminars will be offered in 2007-2009. Seminars are numbered
according to Department subfield: 83 for seminars in American Government, 84
for Comparative Politics, 85 for International Relations, and 86 for Political
Theory and Public Law. Seminars that may count in either of two subfields, or
which come from outside the Department, are numbered 81. For details concerning
individual seminars and their prerequisites consult the Department. Please
check the Department website at http://www.dartmouth.edu/~govt/ for further
information. Dist: Varies.
81.02 08W: 2A
Memory, Nationalism and War (formerly The Politics of Memory). (Comparative
or International Relations) Dist: SOC or INT. Lind.
81.03 08W, 09W: 2A
Economic Growth and Reform in the Emerging Economies. (Comparative or
International Relations) Dist: SOC or INT; WCult: NW. Vandewalle.
81.04 08W, 09W: 10A (Identical to Public Policy 81.2)
Lawyers and Public Policy (American or Theory/Law subfield). Dist: SOC;
WCult: W. Bohmer.
81.14 Not offered in 2007–2008; may be offered in 2008–2009
The Political Economy of Development in Asia and Southeast Asia.
(Comparative Politics and International Relations), Vandewalle.
81.15 Not offered in 2007–2008; may be offered in 2008–2009
Rationality vs. Social Values: Bureaucratic and Organizational Behavior.
(American Politics and Comparative Politics) (Identical to Public Policy 17)
Kasfir.
81.20 Not offered in 2007–2008; may be offered in 2008–2009
Changing Narratives of Self-Interest in American Life, Politics and Foreign
Policy. (Comparative Politics and International Relations). Dist: SOC; WCult:
W. Lebow.
81.21 08S: 11
Democracy in America: Tocqueville and His Critics. (American Politics and
Theory/Law) Dist: SOC; WCult: W. Murphy.
81.22 08W: 2A
Counterfactuals and International Relations. (American Politics and
Theory/Law) Dist: TMV. Lebow.
81.23 08F: 2A
Research Design and Qualitative Analysis. Coggins.
83.02 08W: 3A (Identical to Public Policy 81.9)
Politics and Markets. Dist: SOC; WCult: W. Fowler.
83.03 Not offered in 2007–2008; may be offered in 2008–2009
American Political Development. Fowler.
83.06 07F: 3A
Political Communication. Dist: SOC; WCult: W. D. Brooks.
83.15 Not offered in 2007–2008; may be offered in 2008–2009
Gender and American Politics. Baldez.
83.16 Not offered in 2007–2008; may be offered in 2008–2009
Voting Irregularities and Issues in Electoral Reform. Herron.
83.17 Not offered in 2007–2008; may be offered in 2008–2009
The American Voter through Time. Bafumi.
83.18 08W: 3B 08S: 10A 09W: 3B 09S: 10A
Politics and Policy in the American States. Dist: SOC; WCult: W.
Winters.
83.19 07F, 08F: 2A
American Political Behavior. Dist: SOC; WCult: W. Lacy.
83.20 08W: 3A
Political Advertising. D. Brooks
84.09 08S: 2
Political Responses to Capitalism. Dist: SOC or INT. Sa’adah.
84.10 Not offered in 2007–2008; may be offered in 2008–2009
The 1989 Revolution. Dimitrov.
84.11 Not offered in 2007–2008; may be offered in 2008–2009 (Identical to
Latin American and Caribbean Studies 77)
Democracy and Accountability in Latin America. Dist: SOC. Carey.
84.14 Not offered in 2007–2008; may be offered in 2008–2009
Protest and Plenty: Social Movements in Advanced Industrial States. C.
Wohlforth.
84.15 Not offered in 2007–2008; may be offered in 2008–2009
State-Building, Oil, and Islam in the Arab Gulf States. Vandewalle.
84.17 Not offered in 2007–2008; may be offered in 2008–2009
The Rule of Law. Dist: SOC. Dimitrov.
84.21 07F: 2A (Identical to College Course 3)
Democracy and Authoritarianism in the Former Soviet Union. Dist: SOC or
INT; WCult: W. Dimitrov/Yalowitz
85.01 Not offered in 2007–2008; may be offered in 2008–2009
International Terrorism and United States Foreign Policy.
85.02 08W: 3A
Leadership and Grand Strategy. Dist: SOC or INT. W. Wohlforth.
85.03 Not offered in 2007–2008; may be offered in 2008–2009
Nuclear Weapons and International Politics.
85.04 Not offered in 2007–2008; may be offered in 2008–2009
International Relations Theory.
85.05 Not offered in 2007–2008; may be offered in 2008–2009 (Identical to
Public Policy 81.1)
American Foreign Policy Toward Asia. Dist: SOC or INT. Kang.
85.06 Not offered in 2007–2008; may be offered in 2008–2009 (Identical to
Public Policy 82.2)
Economic Statecraft in International Relations. Dist: SOC or INT.
Mastanduno.
85.07 Not offered in 2007–2008; may be offered in 2008–2009
Forecasting International Politics: Methods and Ethics.
85.08 08F: 3A
Domestic Determinants of International Relations.
85.11 Not offered in 2007–2008; may be offered in 2008–2009
Research Design for Political Puzzles.
85.12 07F, 08F: 10A
Military Statecraft in International Relations. Dist: SOC or INT.
Press.
85.14 07F: 2A (Identical to Public Policy 83.2)
Economics, Security, and U.S. Foreign Policy. Dist: SOC; WCult: W. S.
Brooks.
85.15 08S, 09S: 10A
Globalization and the Future of Asia. Dist: SOC or INT; WCult: NW. Kang.
85.16 Not offered in 2007–2008; may be offered in 2008–2009
The Causes and Prevention of Genocide and Mass Killing. Valentino.
85.18 Not offered in 2007–2008; may be offered in 2008–2009
The Nuclear Revolution.
85.19 08S, 09W: 10A
Secession and State Creation. Coggins.
85.20 07F: 10A
The Psychology of International Relations. Strathman.
85.21 07F: 3A
The “Politics of History” as an Issue of Public Policy in International
Perspective. Quack
85.22 08W: 12
Techniques of Statecraft. Strathman.
85.23 08W, 08F :2A
Unipolarity and US Security. S. Brooks.
86.01 09S: 10A
Multiculturalism. Class of 2008 and later: Dist: TMV. Swaine.
86.03 08W: 2A
Contemporary Political Thought. Dist: TMV. Swaine.
86.08 09S: 2
International Relations in Political Theory. Dist: TMV or INT. Murphy.
86.10 08S: 2A
Order and Justice: Greek Perspectives. Lebow.
86.16 08S: 10A
Contemporary Aboriginal Politics in Canada. Dist: SOC; WCult: CI.
Turner.
86.17 Not offered in 2007–2008; may be offered in 2008–2009
The Enlightenment and its Critics. Garrard.
86.18 08F: 3B
Contemporary Readings on Justice. Bedi.
86.19 07F: 3B
Race. Dist: SOC; WCult: W. Bedi.
90. Seminar
07F, 08F: London F.S.P.
Course taught by a member of the faculty of the Department of International
Relations of the London School of Economics and Political Science. Dartmouth
students attend class with the LSE faculty member.
91. Seminar
07F, 08F: London F.S.P.
Course taught by a member of the faculty of the Department of International
Relations of the London School of Economics and Political Science. Dartmouth
students attend class with LSE faculty. Dist: SOC.
92. Seminar
07F, 08F: London F.S.P.
Seminar taught by the faculty advisor. 07F, Fowler. 08F, Lebow
93. Internship Essays
08S, 09S: Washington D.C. O.C.P.
An internship with a public or private agency or organization intended to
give students practical experience of political life in the nation’s capital.
Each student will write weekly essays relating his or her work experience to
broader issues in political science. Dist: SOC.
94. Congress, the Presidency, Courts and Policy Making at the Federal
Level
08S, 09S: Washington D.C. O.C.P.
This course will investigate the complex relationships between and within
the three branches of the federal government (with a heavy focus on the
presidency and Congress) as they bargain over policy. Several theoretical tools
will be introduced and used to explain recent and historical policy change (and
gridlock). These include ideal point theory, simple spatial models, delegation,
and bargaining theory. Dist: SOC; WCult: W.
95. Federal Budgetary Process
08S, 09S: Washington D.C. O.C.P.
This course will investigate the process by which the federal government
passes an annual budget. It will focus on both what is supposed to happen and
what actually happens in pursuit of a budget compromise. Students will gain an
in-depth understanding of the revenue generating and expenditure decisions made
by the federal government. Much of the course will be spent considering
possible reforms that can be made to the federal budgetary system and the costs
and benefits of these reforms. Dist: SOC: WCult: W.
98. Honors Research
07F, 08F: 3B
99. Honors Thesis
08W, 09W Arrange
Government 98 and 99 consist of independent research and writing on a
selected topic under the supervision of a Department member who acts as
advisor. Open to honors students. In exceptional cases these courses are also
open to other qualified students by vote of the Department. Carey,
Valentino.
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