Sources: Their Use and Acknowledgment

Table of contents

Examples


About the examples

Book with 1 author

Book with 2 authors

Edited or translated book

Book section

Journal article

Conference proceedings

Government publication

Newspaper article

Thesis

Magazine article

Review

CD-ROM

Computer software

On-line journal

Web site

Personal communication

A WORK OF THIS SIZE cannot, of course, provide examples for all possible source types, styles, and formats required for scholarly writing in the various disciplines. These examples of full citations cover only those source types that, in our estimation, appear most frequently in papers by undergraduate writers. For more esoteric source types you may want to consult the resources listed in the Resources section or the Frequently Asked Questions section. You may find, however, that a careful study of the structure of the examples will enable you to craft coherent and consistently arranged citations to source types not included here. For most undergraduate academic writing, consistency and clarity of citations are more important than scrupulous adherence to arcane rules of format and style.
This section provides examples of four styles of full citations widely used across the disciplines:


1

APA citation style, defined by the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 4th ed. (Washington, DC: APA, 1994);

2

MLA citation style, defined by the MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers, 4th ed. (New York: MLA, 1995);

3

Science citation style, a condensed endnote format, used by the journal Science;

4

Note style, as recommended by the MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers, 4th ed. (New York: MLA, 1995).

Should you wish to employ another style — such as Chicago, Nature, the American Chemical Society, etc. — see the Resources section.

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