How conceptions of the American city changed in response to new media technologies
The Urban Spectator is a lively and utterly fascinating exploration of the ways in which technologies have influenced our collective conception of the American city, as well as our relationship with urban space and architecture. Eric Gordon argues that the city, developing late and in conjunction with a range of modern media, produced a particular way of seeing—what he labels “possessive spectatorship.”
Lacking the historical rootedness of European cities, the American city was open to individual interpretation, definition, and ownership. Beginning with the White City of the Chicago World’s Fair of 1893 and the efforts to commodify the concept city through photography, Gordon shows how the American city has always been a product of the collision between the dominant conceptualization, shaped by contemporary media, and the spectator. From the viewfinder of the Kodak camera, to the public display of early cinema, to the speculative desire of network radio, all the way to machine-age utopianism, nostalgia, and America’s “rerun” culture, the city is an amalgam of practice and concept. All of this comes to a head in the “database city” where urban spectatorship takes on the characteristics of a Google search. In new urban developments, the spectator searches, retrieves, and combines urban references to construct each experience of the city.
Endorsements:
“This imaginative revisionist history of American urbanism starts from early traces of a city-dweller’s ‘possessive spectatorship,’ made possible by the hand-held camera, to the ‘digital possessive’ of our information age. Gordon’s quicksilver account moves easily though multi-city examples of architecture, film, advertising, world fairs, radio, and urban planning, eventually arriving at the Database City—a city with no content but which grants access to content. This may sound uninviting, but you can trust Gordon to take theorists and practitioners where they need to go.”—Michael Dear, Department of City and Regional Planning, University of California, Berkeley
“In this brilliant cultural analysis of urbanism, Eric Gordon shows that one of the distinctive qualities of American cities is the way they have been shaped as ‘concept cities’ by the emergent media practices of their times. The persuasive power of Gordon’s innovative analysis lies in the way he reads these mediated urban spaces as texts: from the ‘White City’ at Chicago’s 1893 World’s Fair and the handheld Kodak camera that was ideally suited to capture it, to Times Square and the cinematic spectacle that helped create an audience for its sensorial excesses, to Hollywood Boulevard’s modular redevelopment guided by the contemporary logic of database narratives found on mobile phones, electronic games, and Google maps. Through such examples, Gordon demonstrates not only how media practices give urban spectators a sense of mastery over the city, but also how the city as sensorium has been such a pivotal force in shaping mass media.”—Marsha Kinder, Director of The Labyrinth Project and Professor of Critical Studies, USC School of Cinematic Arts
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Eric Gordon is assistant professor of visual and media arts at Emerson College, Boston.
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