Movement tested	Main muscles	Nerve root levels	Peripheral nerve
Shoulder
Shrug (elevation)	Trapizius	C2-5	Spinal accessory
Abduction	Deltoid/supraspinatus	C5 (6)	Axillary/suprascap.
External rotation	Infraspinatus/teres	C5 (6)	Suprascapular
Internal rotation	Pectoralis major	C5-7	Lateral pectoral
Adduction	Latissimus/Pectoralis	C6-8	Subsapular/pectoral
Flexion	Deltoid/corachobr.	C5-6	Axillary/musculocut.
Elbow
Flexion	Biceps/brachialis Brachioradialis	C5-6 C5-6	Musculocutaneous Radial
Extension	Triceps	C6-7	Radial
Wrist
Flexion	Flexor carpi mm.	C6-7	Median/ulnar
Extension	Extensor carpi radialis Ext. carpi ulnaris	C6-7 C7-8	Radial Radial
Pronation	Pronator teres	C6-7	Median
Supination	Supinator	C5-6	Radial
Finger
Flexion	Flexor digitorum mm.	C7-8	Median (ulnar)
Extension	Extensor digitorum	C7-8	Radial
Ab- & adduction	Interosseus muscles	C8-T1	Ulnar
Thumb abduction	Abductor pollicis	C8-T1	Median
Hip
Flexion	Iliopsoas	L2-3 (L4)	Lumbar plexus
Extension	Gluteus	L5-S2	Inferior gluteal
Abduction	Gluteus medius	L5-S1	Superior gluteal
Adduction	Adductur mm.	L2-4	Obturator
Knee
Flexion	Hamstring	L5-S1	Sciatic
Extension	Quadriceps	L2-4	Femoral
Ankle
Dorsiflexion	Tibialis anterior	L4-5 (S1)	Peroneal (Fibular)
Plantar flexion	Gastroc/soleus	S1 (S2)	Tibial
Inversion	Posterior tibial	L5 (S1)	Tibial
Eversion	Proneal (fibular) mm.	L5 (S1)	Peroneal (Fibular)
Great toe
Dorsiflexion	Extensor hallucis	L5 (S1)	Peroneal (Fibulsr)
Plantar flexion	Flexor hallucis	(S1) S2	Tibial

Table 2 – Strength testing. Movements and the principal muscles, nerves and nerve roots involved in the movement. Parentheses indicate a smaller contribution.