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(15) Input and output

echo

Print arguments, separated by spaces, and terminated by a newline, to stdout. Use quotes to preserve spacing. Echo also understands C-like escape conventions.

Beware that the shell may process backslashes before echo sees them (may need to double backslash). Internal in most shells, but was originally external.

\b	backspace	\c	print line without new-line (some versions)
\f	form-feed	\n	new-line
\r	carriage return	\t	tab
\v	vertical tab	\\	backslash

\0n where n is the 8-bit character whose ASCII code is the 1-, 2- or 3-digit octal number representing that character.

-n

suppress newline

print (ksh internal)

Print arguments, separated by spaces, and terminated by a newline, to stdout. Print observes the same escape conventions as echo.

-n

suppress newline

-r

raw mode - ignore \-escape conventions

-R

raw mode - ignore \-escape conventions and -options except -n.

read var1 var2 rest

read a line from stdin, parsing by $IFS, and placing the words into the named variables. Any left over words all go into the last variable. A '\' as the last character on a line removes significance of the newline, and input continues with the following line.

-r

raw mode - ignore \-escape conventions

Example: ex4a display, text