Political Boundaries around 1360
Boundaries indicate independent states, except that in France and Germany the important semi-independent feudal principalities are shown. The king of England had lost his other domains in France, but still held Aquitaine as a vassal of the French king. Dauphiny was theoretically part of the Holy Roman Empire, but was actually the personal province of the heir to the French throne, and is therefore shown as part of France. The popes at this time resided at, and ruled over, Avignon, The Holy Roman Emperor was now largely a figurehead, enjoying power only in his own hereditary lands. The chief princely states of the Empire are shown. Seven great lords, by the Golden Bull of 1356, had the right to elect the Emperor - the king of Behemia, the duke of Saxony, the margrave of Brandenburg, the count palatine of the Rhine, and the archbishops of Colgne, Mainz, and Trier. The Christian kingdoms in the Iberian peninsula had expanded southward, driving the Moslems back into Granada. Christendom in the east, however, was yielding before the Mongols and the Turks. The Golden Horde had reduced the Russian princes to tribute-paying vassals. The Byzantine Empire, still an important nucleus of cvilization, had been driven out of Asia Minor by the Ottoman Turks. The simultaneous growth of the Christian Slavic kingdoms, on the European side, had squeezed the Byzantine power into a small region immediately adjacent to Constantinople.
Places names associated with the Hundred Years' War and with Joan of Arc are shown in France.
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 "Political Boundaries around 1360. Click on image to see a larger version")