Scientific Integrity and Research Ethics

Biology 110: Scientific Integrity and Research Ethics

Summer 2007

Dartmouth College

310 Gilman

10-12am

Michael R. Dietrich

113I Centerra Biolab

Department of Biological Sciences

HB 6044

646-1389

This course is designed to introduce scientific researchers to issues in research ethics. We will emphasize foundational principles underlying scientific integrity and their application to a range of issues including data management, animal and human subjects, collaboration, mentoring, peer review and the ethical implications of different forms of scientific research. The course is designed as an option for meeting federal regulations requiring that all NIH training grants provide instruction in the responsible conduct of research.

Texts:

• F. Macrina Scientific Integrity: An Introductory Text With Cases, 3rd Edition. American Society for Microbiology Press, 2005.

• Allegra Goodman, Intuition.

•Select Articles (On reserve in Biology Department Office)

Evaluation for Graduate Credit:

Participation and Attendance 40%

Participants are expected to attend every class session and participate actively in class discussion.

Case Analysis and Presentation 60%

For each class meeting participants will be required to present an assigned case from the end of the relevant chapter in Macrina’a Scientific Integrity. If you are not able to attend class, you must submit your assigned case analysis in writing in order to get credit.

Course Webpage:

http://www.dartmouth.edu/~dietrich/110.html

Book Webpage: http://www.scientificintegrity.net

Schedule (Subject to Change):

June 21st: Overview and Introduction

Our schedule will be set at this first meeting.

• F. Macrina, Chapter 1, Methods, Manners, and Mandates

Optional

• National Academy of Sciences, "Scientific principles and research practices." Chapter 2 of NAS, Responsible Science: Ensuring the Integrity of the Research Process. Washington: National Academy Press, 1992, pp. 36-66.

http://books.nap.edu/books/0309047315/html/36.html

Tuesday, June 26^th: Ethics: Values, Norms, and Decisions

• F. Macrina, Chapter 2, Ethics and the Scientist

• Shapin, Steven, "Trust, honesty, and the authority of science." Pages 388-408 of Ruth Bulger, et al., eds., Society's Choices: Social and Ethical Decision Making in Biomedicine. Washington: National Academy Press, 1995.

• Hardwig, John, "The role of trust in knowledge," Journal of Philosophy, Vol. 88, No. 12, December 1991, pp. 693-708.

Monday July2nd: Human Subjects

Meet in 216 Remsen

• F. Macrina, Chapter 5, Use of Humans in Biomedical Research

• Allegra Goodman, Intuition

Recommended:

• Hellman, Samuel and Deborah S. Hellman, "Of mice but not men: problems of the randomized clinical trial," New England Journal of Medicine, Vol. 324, No. 22, May 30, 1991, pp. 1585-9.

• Epstein, Steven, "The construction of lay expertise: AIDS activism and the forging of credibility in the reform of clinical trials," Science, Technology, and Human Values, Vol. 20, No. 4, Autumn, 1995, pp. 408-437.

• Resnik, David B. "The ethics of HIV research in developing nations," Bioethics, Vol. 12, No. 4, 1998, pp. 286-306. (With responses by Lie, Schuklenk, Thomas, and del Rio, and a reply by Resnik, pp. 307-33.)

Tuesday July 10^th: Animal Subjects

• F. Macrina, Chapter 6, Use of Animals in Biomedical Research

Recommended:

• Peter Singer, "Animal Libertation at 30" The New York Review of Books, May 15, 2003. (online at http://www.animal-rights-library.com/texts-m/singer04.htm)

• Peter Singer, "All Animals are Equal," Excerpted from Animal Rights and Human Obligations. 2nd edition, New Jersey, 1989. (online at http://www.animal-rights-library.com/texts-m/singer02.htm)

• Singer, "Do Animals Feel Pain?" Excerpted from Animal Liberation. 2nd edition, New York, 1990. (online at http://www.animal-rights-library.com/texts-m/singer03.htm)

Tuesday July 17^th: Collaboration and Mentoring

• F. Macrina, Chapters 3 and 8, Mentoring, Collaborative Research

Recommended:

• Shapin, Steven, "The invisible technician," American Scientist, Vol. 77, No. 6, November-December 1989, pp. 554-62.

• Making the Right Moves: A Practical Guide to Scientific Management for Post Docs and New Faculty. 2004. Chapter 5: Mentoring and Being Mentored, Burroughs Wellcome Fund and the Howard Hughes Medical Institutes. (on-line at http://www.hhmi.org/grants/office/scimgmt.html)

• Career Resources from the Chronicle of Higher Education (online at http://chronicle.com/careers)

Tuesday July 31^st: Publication, Peer Review, and Credit

• F. Macrina, Chapter 4, Authorship and Peer Review

Recommended:

• Huth, Edward J., "Editors and the problems of authorship: rulemakers or gatekeepers?" Pages 175-180 of John C. Bailar, et al., Editorial Policy Committee, Council of Biology Editors, Ethics and Policy in Scientific Publication. Bethesda, MD: Council of Biology Editors, 1990.

• Cole, Stephen, Cole, Jonathan; and Simon, Gary A., "Chance and consensus in peer review," Science, Vol. 214, November 20, 1981, pp. 881-6.

• Merton, Robert K., "Priorities in scientific discovery," originally published in 1957, reprinted in pages 286-324 of Robert K. Merton, The Sociology of Science. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1973.

Tuesday August 7^th: Conflict of Interest

• F. Macrina, Chapter 7, Managing Conflicting Interests

Recommended:

• Blumenthal, David, "Academic-industry relationships in the life sciences: extent, consequences, and management," Journal of the American Medical Association, Vol. 268, No. 23, December 16, 1992, pp. 3344-9.

• Kenney, Martin, "Social relationships within the university." Chapter 6 of Kenney, Biotechnology: The University-Industrial Complex. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1986, pp. 107-31.

• Korenman, Stanley G., "Conflicts of interest and the commercialization of research," Academic Medicine, Vol. 68, No. 9, September 1993, pp. S18-22.

Tuesday August 14^th: Data Management

• F. Macrina, Chapter 11, Scientific recordkeeping

Recommended:

• Freedland, Kenneth E. and Robert M. Carney, "Data management and accountability in behavioral and biomedical research," American Psychologist, Vol. 47, No. 5, May 1992, pp. 640-5.

• Shamoo, Adil and Stanley W. Davis, "The need for integration of data audit into research and development operations," Accountability in Research, Vol. 1, 1990, pp. 119-28.