Subject: Cascades2 report for Tues evening, Feb 24/25. We were (mostly) in for winds tonight, but all of our optical sites were blind. The observers at Toolik found 11 different words for snow, to vary their hourly reports a bit... We had a very fine substorm right at the optimal textbook time (9:30-11UT, just in the 90 minutes before magnetic midnight). It was strong enough to show light (but no structure) through the snow at all 3 sites. It is interesting to learn that we are able to see the development of these substorms using PFISR. There are clear and repeatable observations of flow patterns that call out the loading sequence (southward expansion, westward flows) of a developing substorm. I'll ask Mike and Meghan to post an example of this tomorrow, perhaps from one of the nights we were out from winds but had good optics. It is possible that if learn to gauge this a little better and more quantifiably, the PFISR could stand in for the optics. Certainly not for the detailed structural picture the optics give, but probably as an excellent tool for "calling" the developing substorm.