Neurofeedback

Neurofeedback

Neurofeedback uses real-time displays of brain activity to enhance learning and neuroplasticity. Researchers provide research participants with information about their brain activity, measured using fMRI, in real time. Feedback related to a target brain measure or state provides a ’teaching signal’ that helps participants learn to achieve that brain state. Neurofeedback signals can be related to single regions, multivariate activity patterns, or connectivity within and between brain networks. Feedback signals can also be linked with reward or punishment, harnessing reinforcement learning in the service of shaping brain activity towards desired states. Finally, real-time fMRI signals can also be used for experiments with adaptive experimental designs — e.g., those that present stimuli or tasks conditional on the brain being in a particular state.

RT fMRI Neurofeedback diagrams